Blocked fallopian tubes are a common cause of female infertility, accounting for up to 30% of infertility cases. The fallopian tubes play a critical role in reproduction—they transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus and are the site where fertilization usually occurs. If the tubes are blocked or damaged, conception becomes more difficult or even impossible.
Let’s explore the main causes of blocked fallopian tubes and how they may impact your fertility.
1. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
PID is one of the leading causes of blocked fallopian tubes. It’s an infection of the female reproductive organs, often resulting from untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea. PID can cause scar tissue and adhesions that block the tubes or alter their shape.
2. Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, including on or around the fallopian tubes. This can lead to:
- Scar tissue formation
- Inflammation
- Blockage or narrowing of the tubes
Endometriosis can also distort pelvic anatomy, making natural conception more difficult.
3. Certain Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
STIs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea can silently damage the fallopian tubes over time. Even if symptoms are mild or absent, untreated infections can lead to inflammation and scarring, increasing the risk of blockage.
4. Past Ectopic Pregnancy
An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube. If this happens, the affected tube may become damaged or need to be removed, reducing fertility and increasing the risk of future tubal blockages.
5. Fibroids
Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that can develop in or around the uterus. When fibroids grow near the fallopian tubes, they can block or compress them, preventing the egg and sperm from meeting.
6. Past Abdominal or Pelvic Surgery
Previous surgeries—especially those involving the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries—can result in adhesions or scar tissue that block or interfere with tubal function. Common examples include:
- Appendectomy
- C-section
- Surgery for ovarian cysts or fibroids
Even well-healed scars may affect fertility depending on their location and severity.
Final Thoughts
Blocked fallopian tubes don’t always cause symptoms, so many women don’t discover the problem until they try to conceive. Fortunately, diagnostic tests like an HSG (hysterosalpingogram) or laparoscopy can detect tubal issues, and treatments like IVF can bypass the fallopian tubes altogether.
Worried about tubal infertility?
Schedule a consultation with our fertility specialists to explore your options and take control of your reproductive health.