Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, which are crucial for metabolism, growth, and development. During pregnancy, untreated or poorly controlled hypothyroidism can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby. This makes it a high-risk condition that requires timely diagnosis and careful management.
Here’s a detailed look at how hypothyroidism can affect pregnancy:
1. High Blood Pressure (Preeclampsia Risk)
Pregnant women with uncontrolled hypothyroidism have an increased risk of developing high blood pressure during pregnancy, which can progress to preeclampsia—a serious condition that endangers both mother and baby.
2. Anaemia (Low Red Blood Cell Count)
Hypothyroidism can contribute to anaemia by interfering with red blood cell production and iron metabolism. This may cause fatigue, dizziness, and weakness in pregnant women.
3. Muscle Pain and Weakness
Low thyroid hormone levels affect energy and muscle function, leading to persistent muscle aches, cramps, and overall weakness during pregnancy.
4. Miscarriage Risk
Uncontrolled hypothyroidism significantly increases the likelihood of early pregnancy loss. Maintaining thyroid hormone balance is essential to reduce this risk.
5. Premature Birth
Pregnant women with hypothyroidism are more likely to experience preterm delivery (before 37 weeks), which can result in neonatal complications.
6. Stillbirth
In severe cases, untreated hypothyroidism can increase the risk of stillbirth, making early detection and treatment critical.
Conclusion
Hypothyroidism during pregnancy is considered high-risk because it can lead to complications such as preeclampsia, anaemia, miscarriage, premature birth, and even stillbirth. The good news is that with proper thyroid medication, regular monitoring, and medical care, most women with hypothyroidism can have safe and healthy pregnancies.