Secondary infertility refers to the difficulty or inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term after previously having one or more successful pregnancies. Even if a woman has had no trouble conceiving before, various factors can affect fertility later in life.
1. Issues with Eggs
As women age, especially after 35, the number and quality of their eggs decline. This natural reduction in ovarian reserve often leads to decreased fertility. Other factors such as genetic or autoimmune conditions and prior medical treatments may also impair egg quality.
2. Issues with Fallopian Tubes
Damage or blockage of fallopian tubes, often caused by pelvic infections (like chlamydia or pelvic inflammatory disease), previous surgeries, or endometriosis, can prevent the egg and sperm from meeting, thus causing infertility.
3. Issues in the Uterus
Structural abnormalities of the uterus such as fibroids, polyps, adhesions (scar tissue), and congenital malformations can interfere with implantation or the ability of the uterus to support a pregnancy. Scarring can result from surgeries, cesarean sections, or procedures like dilation and curettage (D&C).
4. Weight Gain or Other Lifestyle Changes
Significant changes in lifestyle, including weight gain, smoking, excessive alcohol use, and stress, can affect hormonal balance and ovulation. These factors may reduce the chances of conception and contribute to secondary infertility.
Conclusion
Secondary infertility in women is complex and can involve multiple factors including egg quality, fallopian tube health, and uterine environment, alongside lifestyle influences. For women experiencing difficulty conceiving again, thorough evaluation by a fertility specialist can identify underlying causes and guide effective treatment strategies. With appropriate care, many women successfully overcome secondary infertility and achieve healthy pregnancies.