Abnormal TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) levels—whether too high or too low—can have significant consequences on male and female reproductive health, affecting the ability to conceive and maintain a healthy pregnancy.
Ovulation Interference
When TSH levels are abnormal, thyroid hormone production is disrupted. This interference can cause irregular or absent ovulation in women, making conception difficult and unpredictable.
Luteal Phase Disruption
Both hypothyroidism (high TSH) and hyperthyroidism (low TSH) can lead to a disturbed luteal phase, reducing the uterine lining’s ability to support embryo implantation and pregnancy.
Difficulty Getting Pregnant
Imbalanced TSH levels impair hormonal signals needed for egg maturation, release, and fertilization. Women with untreated thyroid disorders commonly struggle with unexplained infertility and repeated failed cycles.
Menstrual Cycle Disturbance
Thyroid hormone imbalance is a major cause of irregular periods, missed cycles, or abnormal bleeding. This unpredictability prevents accurate fertility tracking and reduces the odds of conception.
Reduction in Sperm Count
In men, abnormal TSH can lower sperm count and affect sperm motility. Proper thyroid function is needed for healthy testosterone levels and overall reproductive health.
Risk of Miscarriage and Premature Birth
Both higher and lower than normal TSH levels increase the risk of early-term miscarriage and premature birth. Thyroid disorders—especially if untreated before and during pregnancy—raise chances of pregnancy loss, placental complications, and fetal growth issues.
Conclusion
Monitoring and treating abnormal TSH levels is essential for anyone trying to conceive or maintain a healthy pregnancy. Early evaluation by an endocrinologist or fertility specialist can help restore normal thyroid function, greatly improving reproductive outcomes and lowering pregnancy risks for both women and men.