Secondary infertility refers to the inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term after previously having had a successful pregnancy. While many assume fertility remains unchanged after the first child, several medical and lifestyle factors can contribute to difficulties in conceiving again. Understanding the underlying causes can help women seek timely treatment and manage expectations during their fertility journey.
Here’s a closer look at some key facts you should know about the causes of secondary infertility in women:
1. Problems in the Quantity or Quality of Eggs
As a woman ages, the number and quality of her eggs naturally decline. Poor egg quality reduces the chances of fertilization and successful pregnancy, especially after the age of 35.
2. Problems with the Fallopian Tubes
Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes can prevent sperm from meeting the egg or stop a fertilized egg from traveling to the uterus. Conditions like infections, scarring, or past surgeries may be contributing factors.
3. Problems with the Uterus
Abnormalities in the uterus, such as fibroids, polyps, or scar tissue, may interfere with embryo implantation or the ability to maintain a pregnancy.
4. Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside it. This can damage reproductive organs, cause pelvic inflammation, and interfere with ovulation or embryo implantation.
5. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting fertility. It leads to irregular ovulation or anovulation, making conception more challenging even after a successful past pregnancy.
6. Breastfeeding
For some women, exclusive breastfeeding after childbirth suppresses ovulation temporarily, delaying the return of fertility.
7. Weight Gain or Lifestyle Changes
Sudden weight gain, obesity, stress, smoking, or other lifestyle factors can negatively affect ovulation and hormone balance, leading to difficulties in conceiving again.
Conclusion
Secondary infertility can be surprising and emotionally difficult for couples who previously conceived without issues. Multiple factors—from medical conditions to lifestyle changes—can contribute to this challenge. The good news is that with timely medical evaluation and proper treatment, many women can overcome secondary infertility. Educating yourself about these causes empowers you to make informed choices and take the right steps toward parenthood once again.