Infertility evaluation in women is a comprehensive process designed to identify hormonal, anatomic, or infection-related barriers to conception. While not all causes can be entirely determined, systematic testing helps target effective treatments and improve the chances of pregnancy.
Below is a closer look at the main methods of diagnosing infertility in women:
1. Blood Tests
- Hormone Level Assessment: Blood tests are conducted to evaluate hormones controlling ovulation, such as FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), progesterone, prolactin, and thyroid hormones.
- These tests help determine if ovulation is occurring regularly or if there’s any underlying hormonal imbalance affecting fertility.
2. Chlamydia Test
- Screening for Infections: A cervical swab or urine test is used to check for chlamydia, a sexually transmitted infection that can damage reproductive organs and contribute to infertility.
- Treating infections early can restore fertility potential and prevent further reproductive tract damage.
3. Ultrasound Scan
- Pelvic Ultrasound: An ultrasound probe is used to examine the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes for structural abnormalities like cysts, fibroids, or signs of blocked tubes.
- Special types of ultrasound, such as transvaginal ultrasound or hysterosalpingo-contrast-ultrasonography, can further check tubal patency and uterine shape.
4. X-ray (Hysterosalpingography)
- HSG Procedure: In this X-ray test, a contrast dye is injected into the uterine cavity, and its flow through the fallopian tubes is examined to identify any blockages or abnormalities.
- Hysterosalpingography plays a crucial role in evaluating whether tubal factors are contributing to infertility.
5. Laparoscopy
- Minimally Invasive Evaluation: Laparoscopy involves inserting a thin camera through a small abdominal incision to directly visualize the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes for endometriosis, adhesions, or other pelvic pathology.
- This is typically reserved for situations where other, less-invasive tests suggest issues or when symptoms like severe pelvic pain are present.
Conclusion
A thorough infertility workup—including blood tests, chlamydia screens, ultrasound scans, X-ray (HSG), and sometimes laparoscopy—is essential for uncovering the causes of female infertility and determining the most appropriate treatment. Early and accurate diagnosis empowers women with targeted options, maximizing their chances for a successful pregnancy while minimizing unnecessary interventions.