A T-shaped uterus is a type of congenital uterine anomaly characterized by a narrow uterine cavity with thickened lateral walls, resembling the shape of the letter “T.” This abnormality has significant implications for reproductive outcomes, especially in terms of pregnancy loss and term deliveries.
Pregnancy Loss and Delivery Rates
Women with a T-shaped uterus experience a noticeably higher rate of first-trimester pregnancy losses, reported at around 47%. This high miscarriage rate is often attributed to the restricted uterine cavity and poor endometrial environment, which adversely affect embryo implantation and growth.
Additionally, the rate of term deliveries in these women is considerably lower, approximately 21%, indicating challenges in carrying pregnancies to full term. These statistics reflect the impact of the uterine shape on the ability to sustain a healthy pregnancy.
Advances in Treatment and Outcomes
Recent studies have shown that hysteroscopic metroplasty, a surgical procedure that remodels the uterine cavity to a more normal shape, can significantly improve reproductive outcomes. After this correction, pregnancy rates and live births increase substantially, while miscarriage rates decrease. Both congenital and acquired types of T-shaped uterus have shown improvements with this intervention.
Conclusion
The T-shaped uterus is associated with a high risk of early pregnancy loss and low rates of term delivery. However, surgical correction through hysteroscopic metroplasty offers hope by improving the uterine anatomy and enhancing the chances of successful pregnancy and live birth. Women diagnosed with this condition should seek evaluation and management from fertility specialists to optimize their reproductive outcomes.