Ovarian reserve refers to the number and quality of eggs remaining in the ovaries, which is a major factor in female fertility. Several tests can help estimate a woman’s ovarian reserve and guide fertility planning.
1. Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH)
AMH is a hormone produced by ovarian follicles.
- A blood test measures AMH levels, which can be checked at any point in the menstrual cycle.
- Higher AMH generally indicates a better ovarian reserve; lower values suggest diminished reserves.
2. Antral Follicle Count (AFC)
AFC is measured via transvaginal ultrasound.
- The test counts the number of small antral follicles in both ovaries, typically performed between days 2-5 of the menstrual cycle.
- A higher follicle count suggests better egg quantity.
3. Day 2/3 Hormone Evaluation (FSH, LH, E2)
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Estradiol (E2) levels are checked via blood tests, usually on cycle day 2 or 3.
- High FSH levels can signal poor ovarian reserve; estrogen and LH help interpret the overall picture.
Which Are the Best Markers?
AMH and AFC are currently considered the best markers for ovarian reserve due to their convenience and strong predictive value for ovarian response in fertility treatments.
Conclusion
A combination of AMH, AFC, and early-cycle hormone tests gives a comprehensive view of ovarian reserve, helping women and their doctors make informed decisions about fertility options.