Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects many women of reproductive age, and insulin resistance plays a central role in its development and symptoms. Insulin resistance means the body’s cells don’t respond effectively to insulin, leading to elevated insulin levels—also called hyperinsulinemia. This condition triggers several metabolic and hormonal imbalances that worsen PCOS symptoms.
How Does Insulin Resistance Manifest in PCOS?
- Altered Steroid Hormone Metabolism
High insulin levels stimulate the ovaries to produce more androgens (male hormones), which can lead to symptoms such as acne, hirsutism (excess hair growth), and irregular menstrual cycles. This hormonal imbalance is a hallmark of PCOS. - High Lipid Storage
Insulin promotes fat storage in the body, especially around the abdomen. Women with PCOS often experience increased abdominal obesity, which further contributes to insulin resistance and aggravates PCOS symptoms. - Altered Lipoprotein and Cholesterol Metabolism
Insulin resistance disrupts how the body processes lipoproteins and cholesterol, increasing the risk of dyslipidemia—characterized by high triglycerides and low HDL (“good”) cholesterol. These changes elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS.
Why Is This Important?
Insulin resistance exacerbates both the reproductive and metabolic issues in PCOS, making management crucial. Lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and sometimes medications like metformin target insulin resistance to improve symptoms and reduce long-term health risks.
Conclusion
Insulin resistance in PCOS patients manifests through altered steroid hormone metabolism, increased fat storage, and disruptions in cholesterol processing. Understanding these mechanisms helps in developing targeted treatments, empowering women with PCOS to manage their condition effectively and improve overall health.