Secondary infertility is a condition that affects many couples who have previously conceived and given birth but now find it difficult to get pregnant or carry a pregnancy to term again. This experience can be surprising and emotionally challenging, sparking questions about why it happens and what can be done about it.
What Is Secondary Infertility?
Secondary infertility means the inability to conceive or maintain a pregnancy after having successfully done so in the past. It’s more common than many realize, affecting up to 14% of women. Unlike primary infertility, which is difficulty conceiving for the first time, secondary infertility happens despite previous pregnancy and childbirth.
Why Does Secondary Infertility Happen?
The reasons for secondary infertility can be varied and complex, often involving one or both partners. Some of the most common causes include:
- Advancing Age
As a woman ages, especially beyond 35, the quality and quantity of her eggs decline. Similarly, men over 40 may experience a drop in sperm quality and testosterone levels, affecting fertility. - Ovulation Disorders
Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid imbalances, or disrupted hormonal signals can interfere with regular ovulation, making conception harder. - Structural Problems
Damage or blockage in the fallopian tubes due to infections like chlamydia or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), uterine fibroids, or scarring from surgeries (such as C-sections or dilation and curettage) can hinder the meeting of sperm and egg or implantation. - Lifestyle Factors
Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, significant weight changes, and high stress levels can negatively impact fertility for both partners. - Male Factor Infertility
Issues such as low sperm count, poor motility, erectile dysfunction, or prostate problems may also emerge over time.
When to See a Doctor?
If you’ve been trying to conceive for over a year (or six months if you are over 35) after previously having children, it’s a good idea to consult a healthcare professional. Early evaluation and intervention improve your chances of overcoming secondary infertility.
Coping with Secondary Infertility
Facing difficulties conceiving again can be emotionally taxing. Seeking support from partners, family, friends, or professional counselors can help navigate the stress and maintain mental wellbeing during this journey.
Conclusion
Secondary infertility is a complex issue influenced by age, health changes, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions in both partners. Understanding these causes enables couples to seek appropriate care and explore treatment options with hope and confidence. With advances in fertility medicine and supportive care, many couples successfully build or expand their families despite challenges with secondary infertility.