Premature ovarian failure (POF), also called primary ovarian insufficiency, is the loss of normal ovarian function before the age of 40. Understanding the causes of POF helps guide diagnosis, management, and counseling for affected women.
Here are the primary causes of premature ovarian failure:
- Iatrogenic Causes
These result from medical interventions such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery that damage ovarian tissue and impair function. - Infectious Causes
Certain infections may contribute to ovarian damage, though this is a less common cause. - Genetic Causes
Chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations, like Turner syndrome or fragile X premutations, can lead to ovarian dysfunction. - Autoimmune Causes
Autoimmune reactions where the body’s immune system attacks ovarian tissues can cause inflammation and follicle loss. - Idiopathic Causes
In many cases, no specific cause is found despite thorough investigation, termed idiopathic POF.
Conclusion
Premature ovarian failure arises from diverse causes including medical treatments, infections, genetic factors, autoimmune processes, and unknown origins. Comprehensive evaluation is key to tailored care and improving quality of life for women experiencing early ovarian failure.