Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding that can interfere with a woman’s daily life and may indicate underlying health concerns. While occasional heavy periods can be normal, persistent or severe menorrhagia often signals medical conditions that require attention. Understanding the possible causes helps women seek the right treatment and prevent complications such as anemia, fatigue, and reduced quality of life.
Here’s a closer look at the key causes of menorrhagia:
1. Growths or Tumors of the Uterus
Non-cancerous growths, such as fibroids or polyps, can disrupt the normal structure of the uterus and lead to heavy bleeding. In rare cases, cancerous tumors of the uterus may also be responsible.
2. Cancer of the Cervix or Uterus
Abnormal or malignant growths in the cervix or uterus can cause irregular and excessive menstrual bleeding, especially in later stages.
3. Particular Types of Birth Control
Certain birth control methods, such as copper intrauterine devices (IUDs), may increase bleeding intensity and duration during periods.
4. Pregnancy-Related Problems
Complications such as miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, or retained pregnancy tissue can trigger heavy bleeding resembling menorrhagia.
5. Bleeding Disorders
Conditions that affect normal blood clotting, such as von Willebrand disease or platelet dysfunction, can result in prolonged or excessive menstrual flow.
6. Liver, Kidney, or Thyroid Disease
Underlying medical conditions involving vital organs can disrupt hormone balance or clotting functions, contributing to heavy periods.
7. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Infections of the reproductive organs can damage tissues and cause abnormal bleeding, often accompanied by pelvic pain.
8. Fibroids or Polyps in the Womb
Benign fibroids or endometrial polyps located in the uterine lining or muscle can lead to heavier, longer-lasting menstrual bleeding.
Conclusion
Menorrhagia is not just an inconvenience—it may point to significant underlying health problems that require evaluation. Identifying the exact cause is essential for effective treatment and long-term health management. Women experiencing unusually heavy periods should consult a healthcare provider promptly to ensure early diagnosis and proper care.