Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) is a medical condition that can occur in some women who take fertility medications that stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs, especially during treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF). It is characterized by an exaggerated response to these hormones, causing the ovaries to swell and become painful.
Who is at Risk?
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at higher risk for OHSS. Other risk factors include being under 35 years old, having a large number of ovarian follicles, high estrogen levels during fertility treatment, low body weight, and pregnancy occurring during the treatment cycle.
What Happens in OHSS?
The ovaries become enlarged, and fluid from the blood vessels leaks into the abdomen and sometimes into the chest area. This fluid shift leads to symptoms like abdominal bloating, pain, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, there could be rapid weight gain, decreased urination, breathing difficulties, blood clots, and other serious complications.
Symptoms of OHSS Can Include:
- Mild to moderate abdominal pain and bloating
- Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
- Rapid weight gain
- Tenderness in the ovaries
- Severe abdominal pain and swelling in serious cases
- Reduced urine output and shortness of breath as complications arise
Treatment and Outlook
Mild cases often resolve on their own with rest and fluid intake. Severe OHSS may require hospitalization for monitoring and treatment. Temporary cessation or modification of fertility medications can help prevent worsening. Most symptoms improve within one to two weeks, but if pregnancy occurs, symptoms may last longer.
Conclusion
OHSS is a potential complication of fertility treatments where the ovaries react excessively to stimulation drugs. Early recognition, close monitoring, and appropriate medical care are key to managing symptoms and preventing severe outcomes. Women undergoing fertility treatment should follow their doctor’s guidance and report any unusual symptoms promptly.