Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as primary ovarian insufficiency, is a condition characterized by the loss of normal ovarian function before the age of 40. It is defined specifically as hypergonadotropic ovarian failure occurring before 40 years of age, meaning the ovaries stop functioning properly despite elevated levels of gonadotropins (hormones that stimulate the ovaries).
Key Features of POF
- Loss of ovarian follicle function: Leading to reduced estrogen production and irregular or absent menstrual periods.
- Elevated FSH and LH levels: The brain increases secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to stimulate the failing ovaries, but the ovaries do not respond effectively.
- Consequences: Women with POF often experience infertility, menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats), and increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular issues due to low estrogen levels.
Causes of POF
Causes can be diverse, including genetic factors, autoimmune diseases, chemotherapy or radiation, infections, and unknown (idiopathic) origins.
Conclusion
Premature ovarian failure is a significant reproductive health condition defined by early loss of ovarian function before age 40, marked by high gonadotropin levels and low estrogen. Early diagnosis and management are important to address fertility concerns and overall health in affected women.