- Blocked or Scarred Fallopian Tubes
If the fallopian tubes are blocked or scarred, surgery may be performed to repair or remove scar tissue, improving the passage for eggs and sperm to meet. The success of this surgery depends on the extent and location of the tubal damage, and in some cases, it can significantly increase the chances of natural conception. - Endometriosis, Fibroids, and Uterine Polyps
Laparoscopic surgery is often used to treat endometriosis by removing abnormal tissue or cysts. Surgery can also remove uterine fibroids and polyps, both of which may prevent implantation or cause infertility. Correcting these issues can restore the normal function of the uterus and improve fertility outcomes. - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
For patients with PCOS who do not respond to medication for ovulation induction, a minor surgical procedure called laparoscopic ovarian drilling may be considered. This involves using heat or a laser to destroy part of the ovary to restore ovulation. - Male Infertility Factors
In men, surgery can correct blockages in the epididymis or vas deferens, retrieve sperm directly from the testes when natural ejaculation is not possible, or repair varicoceles (enlarged veins in the scrotum) that may impair sperm quality. - Congenital or Structural Abnormalities
Surgery may be needed if there are congenital (from birth) abnormalities of the uterus, vagina, or other reproductive organs that hinder fertility. Procedures can reconstruct or reshape the reproductive tract to allow for fertilization and healthy pregnancies.
Conclusion
Surgical intervention is considered when less invasive treatments have failed or when an obvious anatomical problem is detected in either partner. Advancements in minimally invasive techniques—like laparoscopy and hysteroscopy—mean that many procedures are now safer and require less recovery time. Consulting a fertility specialist will help determine if and when surgery is the right choice in the journey toward parenthood.