Infertility is a condition of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. It can affect both men and women and can result from a variety of causes. These causes can include issues with sperm or egg production, anatomical problems, hormonal imbalances, and genetic disorders. Sometimes, the exact cause of infertility remains unknown. Infertility is a common issue, affecting millions of people worldwide, and can have a significant emotional and psychological impact on individuals and couples. Advances in medical science, however, have introduced various treatments and assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), that can significantly increase the chances of conceiving.
When should one suspect infertility?
One should suspect infertility if they have been trying to conceive for at least one year without success. This timeframe shortens to six months if the woman is over the age of 3Additionally, if there are known factors that might affect fertility, such as irregular menstrual cycles, known reproductive disorders, previous treatments for cancer, or a history of sexually transmitted infections, it might be wise to consult a healthcare provider sooner.
What is infertility evaluation?
An infertility evaluation is a series of examinations and tests that are carried out to determine the cause of infertility in a couple who has been unable to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. For women over the age of 35, this evaluation might begin after six months of trying to conceive due to the decrease in fertility as a woman ages. The evaluation typically involves both partners and includes a thorough medical history and physical examination.
Your infertility evaluation checklist!
Infertility Evaluation checklist for women
An infertility evaluation in women is a comprehensive process designed to identify the reasons a woman may have difficulties conceiving. This evaluation is typically recommended after a year of trying to conceive without success, or after six months if the woman is over the age of 35. The process involves several steps, each aimed at examining different aspects of reproductive health.
Medical History and Physical Examination: The initial step involves a detailed discussion about the woman’s medical history, menstrual cycle, sexual habits, and any past pregnancies or miscarriages. A physical exam, including a pelvic exam, is also performed to check for any physical signs of conditions that could affect fertility.
Ovulation Assessment: Since successful conception requires ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary), tests may be conducted to confirm that ovulation is occurring regularly. This can be done through blood tests to measure hormone levels, ultrasound scans to observe the development of follicles in the ovaries, or using at-home ovulation predictor kits.
Hormonal Testing: Hormones play a crucial role in fertility, and imbalances can affect a woman’s ability to conceive. Blood tests can measure levels of reproductive hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which may reveal underlying issues like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders.
Ultrasound Imaging: Ultrasound is used to visualize the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, looking for abnormalities such as fibroids, polyps, or signs of endometriosis. It can also assess ovarian reserve (the number and quality of eggs).
Hysterosalpingography (HSG): This is a specialized X-ray that involves injecting a dye into the uterus and fallopian tubes to make them visible on the X-ray images. It can identify blockages or abnormalities in the fallopian tubes and the shape of the uterus.
Laparoscopy: In some cases, a minimally invasive surgical procedure called laparoscopy may be recommended. This involves making a small incision near the navel and inserting a laparoscope (a thin, lighted tube) to examine the outside of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes for endometriosis, scarring, blockages, or other abnormalities.
Endometrial Biopsy: Although less commonly performed, this test involves taking a small sample of the endometrium (lining of the uterus) to be examined under a microscope. It can help diagnose luteal phase defects or other conditions that could affect the implantation of a fertilized egg.
Each of these steps provides valuable information that can help identify the cause of infertility and guide the selection of appropriate treatments.
Infertility Evaluation Checklist for Men
An infertility evaluation in men aims to identify the reasons behind a couple’s challenges in achieving pregnancy. This comprehensive assessment focuses on factors that can affect a man’s ability to conceive, encompassing a variety of tests and examinations:
Medical History and Physical Examination: The evaluation begins with a thorough review of the man’s medical history, including any chronic illnesses, surgeries, injuries, or lifestyle factors that could impact fertility. A physical exam is conducted to check for any anatomical issues, such as varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum), which might affect sperm production or delivery.
Semen Analysis: This is the cornerstone of male infertility testing. A semen sample is collected and analyzed for several parameters, including volume, concentration, motility (movement), and morphology (shape). Abnormalities in these parameters can indicate issues with sperm production or quality that could hinder conception.
Hormonal Testing: Hormones regulate the testicles’ production of sperm, so evaluating levels of testosterone and other hormones, like follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), can help identify disorders affecting sperm production.
Genetic Testing: If semen analysis shows extremely low sperm concentration, genetic tests may be recommended to check for genetic abnormalities that could affect fertility, such as Klinefelter syndrome or Y chromosome microdeletions.
Ultrasound: An ultrasound of the scrotum can help identify varicoceles and other issues with the testicles and supporting structures that might impact sperm production or delivery.
Transrectal Ultrasound: In cases where there’s a suspicion of ejaculatory duct obstruction, a transrectal ultrasound can examine the prostate and seminal vesicles for blockages or abnormalities.
Post-ejaculation Urinalysis: This test checks for retrograde ejaculation, a condition where semen enters the bladder instead of exiting through the penis during orgasm. It involves analyzing urine for the presence of sperm after ejaculation.
Testicular Biopsy: In some cases, if the semen analysis shows no sperm (azoospermia) and other tests haven’t found the cause, a testicular biopsy might be performed. This involves taking a small tissue sample from the testes to look for sperm production. It can help differentiate between an obstruction preventing sperm from being ejaculated and an issue with sperm production.
Each component of the evaluation plays a critical role in identifying potential issues with male fertility. Understanding the cause of infertility is vital for determining the most appropriate treatments or interventions to help a couple conceive.
A note from ZIVA Fertility clinics about infertility evaluation
For couples facing infertility, it’s important to seek support, communicate openly, and educate yourselves about treatment options. We at ZIVA Fertility Clinics, your trusted healthcare provider, consider counseling and explore all available paths to parenthood. We suggest you maintain a healthy lifestyle, set limits, and stay hopeful but realistic about the process. Taking breaks when needed and prioritizing your emotional well-being is crucial. Remember, every couple’s journey is unique, so find the path that feels right for you and seek out the support you need. For more information please visit our website https://zivafertility.com/ or contact us at 919100002737, +919347406900, info@zivafertility.com
